![]() ![]() PPD is a disorder characterized by constant suspicion of others. All cluster A disorders have a familial association with psychotic disorders. They usually utilize defense mechanisms such as projection, magical thinking and intellectualization. Patients are described as odd, peculiar and withdrawn. ![]() Genes of interest under investigation are serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (5). More recently, researchers have found genetic correlations in schizotypal, borderline and antisocial PD. Cultural factors may also play a pivotal role in the development of personality disorders (7). This becomes especially apparent in patients with borderline and antisocial disorders who have intimacy and trust deficits co-related with childhood abuse and trauma. For example, some psychoanalysts attribute these disturbances to failure of proper psychosexual development while others suggest that childhood trauma is a cause. Nevertheless, several hypotheses have been suggested. ![]() The precise etiology of personality disorders is not clearly understood and can differ depending on the disorder. Lower socioeconomic and education levels(6).Young age (adolescence to early adulthood).They can differ depending on the personality disorder, but in general, all PDs share the following risk factors : Data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions estimated that approximately 14.8% of US adults have at least one personality disorder (4), while the WHO has estimated the prevalence of having any personality disorder to be 6.1% in total, divided among the 3 clusters (A, B, and C) as 3.6%, 1.5%, and 2.7%, respectively (5). Finally, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders fall under the umbrella of Cluster C.Ī study has shown that around 12% of people in a general population have a personality disorder (PD)(3). Paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders are included in cluster A, while cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. psychotic spectrum of disease, depressive and anxiety disorders, and PTSD) as well as medical disorders and substance abuse should be excluded before making the diagnosis of a PD(2).ĭSM-5 Personality disorders are grouped into three clusters (A, B, C). The effect of any other mental disorders (i.e. All personality disorders have an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, and although stable over time, they lead to distress in several aspects of daily functioning. This pattern manifests in at least two of the individual’s cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning and impulse control. Today, personality is seen as a complex, not easily altered pattern of fixed, nonconscious psychological characteristics expressed automatically in all aspects of daily life to account for the individual’s behavior, pattern of perception, feeling, thinking and coping(1).Īlthough there is no unclouded differentiator between normal and pathological personality traits, the DSM-5 criteria summarizes a personality disorder (PD) as a pervasive, inflexible and enduring behavioral pattern that deviates markedly from expectations of the individual’s culture. With time, the term evolved to describe the person’s hidden inner psychological qualities. Personality is a term derived from Greek word persona, originally used to describe the mask worn by theater players. Keywords: Personality Disorders, Cluster A, Psychiatry, Mental disorder. Article topic: Personality Disorders Cluster A. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |